Fear periods: why is my puppy suddenly afraid?

What Are Puppy Fear Periods?

Fear periods are short developmental stages during which a puppy may become unusually sensitive to stimuli, including people, objects, sounds, or environments. Something that was previously ignored—like a noisy lorry passing` or a friendly stranger—might suddenly seem terrifying to your puppy.

Not every puppy will experience them, but for those who do there are typically two key fear periods:

1. First Fear Period: 8–11 Weeks Old

This first stage usually coincides with the time a puppy goes to their new home. It’s a critical window of emotional development, and any frightening or traumatic experiences during this time can have a lasting impact.

Common signs:

• Sudden startle responses

• Avoidance behaviors

• Wariness of new people, places, or sounds

• Increased vocalizations (whining, barking)

2. Second Fear Period: 6–14 Months Old

Often referred to as the “teenage” fear period, this second stage occurs during adolescence. It can vary depending on the breed and individual temperament but typically strikes when dogs are physically growing quickly and testing boundaries.

Common signs:

• Fear of things that were previously fine (e.g., bicycles, hats, the vacuum)

• Hesitance to go for walks or enter new environments

• Barking or cowering in response to sudden stimuli

How Long Do Fear Periods Last?

The good news: fear periods are temporary, usually lasting anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. While it can be concerning to see your confident pup suddenly become skittish, with the right support, most dogs move through these stages without lasting effects.

How to Support Your Puppy During a Fear Period

1. Stay Calm and Patient
   Dogs are deeply in tune with our emotions. If you react with worry or frustration, it can reinforce their fears. Stay calm, speak softly, and avoid overreacting to fearful behaviors.

2. Avoid Forced Exposure
   Don’t force your puppy to confront things they’re scared of. For example, dragging them toward a scary object or insisting they say hi to a stranger will only increase their anxiety. Instead, let them observe from a distance and choose to approach at their own pace.

3. Use Positive Reinforcement
   Encourage curiosity with treats, toys, and praise. If your dog looks at or approaches something they’re unsure about, reward them. This builds positive associations and helps rebuild confidence. I prefer to reward with play where possible because the endorphins released during it can help to counteract their stress.

4. Maintain Routine
   Fear periods aren’t the time for major changes. Keep walks, meals, and bedtime predictable. Familiarity creates a sense of security.

5. Offer a Safe Space
   Make sure your pup has a quiet, comfortable spot to retreat to when they feel overwhelmed. A crate with a blanket over it makes the perfect den, or a quiet room with a cosy bed works well too.

6. Continue Gentle Socialisation
   It’s okay to expose your pup to new experiences—but do it gently. Think calm environments, short visits, and gradual introductions. Your goal is to create positive experiences, not overwhelm them.

7. Consult a Trainer if Needed
   If your puppy’s fear responses are extreme or persistent, or if you’re unsure how to proceed, seek help from a dog trainer. Early support can prevent behaviour issues down the line.

Final Thoughts

Fear periods can feel like a step backward, but they’re a natural part of growing up. With empathy, guidance, and consistent support, your puppy will come out the other side more confident and resilient. Think of these moments as opportunities to deepen your bond and build trust. After all, you’re not just raising a dog—you’re shaping a lifelong companion.